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Higher cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid levels in depressed patients with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder.

Sher L, Oquendo MA, Li S, Burke AK, Grunebaum MF, Zalsman G, Huang YY, Mann JJ.Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Mar;15(2):203-9. Major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often comorbid, resulting in more impairment compared than with either diagnosis […]

Age effects on cortisol levels in depressed patients with and without comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder, and healthy volunteers.

Sher L, Oquendo MA, Galfalvy HC, Cooper TB, Mann JJ.Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.J Affect Disord. 2004 Oct 1;82(1):53-9. BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression are frequently comorbid. Age and major depression are associated with higher cortisol levels and dexamethasone resistance, whereas PTSD is associated with […]

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serotonin abnormalities: a selective overview for the implications of suicide prevention

Pompili M, Serafini G, Innamorati M, Möller-Leimkühler AM, Giupponi G, Girardi P, Tatarelli R, Lester D.Department of Psychiatry, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, Rome, ItalyEur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010 Feb 20. Suicidal behavior and mood disorders are one of the world’s largest public health problems. The biological vulnerability for these problems includes genetic factors […]

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Completed Suicide

Gradus JL, Qin P, Lincoln AK, Miller M, Lawler E, Sørensen HT, Lash TL. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Feb 16. Most research regarding posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide has focused on suicidal ideation or attempts; no known study of the association between PTSD and completed suicide in a population-based sample has been reported. This […]

Subtypes of GABAergic neurons project axons in the neocortex

Higo S, Akashi K, Sakimura K, Tamamaki N.Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare Kumamoto, Japan.Front Neuroanat. 2009;3:25. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons in the neocortex have been regarded as interneurons and speculated to modulate the activity of neurons locally. Recently, however, several experiments revealed that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive GABAergic neurons project cortico-cortically with […]

NO signaling in the CNS: from the physiological to the pathological

Bishop A, Anderson JE.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama at Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.Toxicology. 2005 Mar 15;208(2):193-205. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical gas that has a Janus nature. As indicated by the literature and by our studies, in the cell, NO can either function as a beneficial physiological agent utilized for essential […]

Differential sensitivity of oligodendrocytes and motor neurons to reactive nitrogen species: implications for multiple sclerosis

Bishop A, Hobbs KG, Eguchi A, Jeffrey S, Smallwood L, Pennie C, Anderson J, Estévez AG.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.J Neurochem. 2009 Apr;109(1):93-104. Depending on its concentration, nitric oxide (NO) has beneficial or toxic effects. In pathological conditions, NO reacts with superoxide to form peroxynitrite, which nitrates proteins […]

Mitigation of peroxynitrite-mediated nitric oxide (NO) toxicity as a mechanism of induced adaptive NO resistance in the CNS

Bishop A, Gooch R, Eguchi A, Jeffrey S, Smallwood L, Anderson J, Estevez AG.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama at Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA. J Neurochem. 2009 Apr;109(1):74-84. During CNS injury and diseases, nitric oxide (NO) is released at a high flux rate leading to formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO(*)) and other reactive nitrogenous species, […]

Mental health service users’ perceptions and experiences of sedation, seclusion and restraint

Mayers P, Keet N, Winkler G, Flisher AJ.Division of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;56(1):60-73. BACKGROUND: Sedation, seclusion or restraint are recognized methods of containing a person experiencing an acute psychotic episode with behavioural disturbance which has […]

Human rights and the trauma model: Genuine partners or uneasy allies?

Steel Z, Bateman Steel CR, Silove D.Centre for Population Mental Health Research and Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia.J Trauma Stress. 2009 Sep 9. Since World War II, a comprehensive body of international law has developed to protect and promote human rights. Three generations of rights can […]

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