Biomedical Science

Biomedical science is the application of biology-based science to medical use

Possible role of BDNF-induced microglial intracellular Ca(2+) elevation in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders

Mizoguchi Y, Monji A, Kato TA, Horikawa H, Seki Y, Kasai M, Kanba S, Yamada S.Mini Rev Med Chem. 2011 Jun;11(7):575-81. Microglia are intrinsic immune cells that release factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and neurotrophins, following activation after disturbance in the brain. Elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) is important for microglial functions, […]

Dominance, politics, and physiology: voters’ testosterone changes on the night of the 2008 United States presidential election

Stanton SJ, Beehner JC, Saini EK, Kuhn CM, Labar KS.Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.PLoS One. 2009 Oct 21;4(10):e7543. BACKGROUND: Political elections are dominance competitions. When men win a dominance competition, their testosterone levels rise or remain stable to resist a circadian decline; and when they lose, their […]

Subtypes of GABAergic neurons project axons in the neocortex

Higo S, Akashi K, Sakimura K, Tamamaki N.Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare Kumamoto, Japan.Front Neuroanat. 2009;3:25. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons in the neocortex have been regarded as interneurons and speculated to modulate the activity of neurons locally. Recently, however, several experiments revealed that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive GABAergic neurons project cortico-cortically with […]

NO signaling in the CNS: from the physiological to the pathological

Bishop A, Anderson JE.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama at Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.Toxicology. 2005 Mar 15;208(2):193-205. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical gas that has a Janus nature. As indicated by the literature and by our studies, in the cell, NO can either function as a beneficial physiological agent utilized for essential […]

Differential sensitivity of oligodendrocytes and motor neurons to reactive nitrogen species: implications for multiple sclerosis

Bishop A, Hobbs KG, Eguchi A, Jeffrey S, Smallwood L, Pennie C, Anderson J, Estévez AG.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.J Neurochem. 2009 Apr;109(1):93-104. Depending on its concentration, nitric oxide (NO) has beneficial or toxic effects. In pathological conditions, NO reacts with superoxide to form peroxynitrite, which nitrates proteins […]

Mitigation of peroxynitrite-mediated nitric oxide (NO) toxicity as a mechanism of induced adaptive NO resistance in the CNS

Bishop A, Gooch R, Eguchi A, Jeffrey S, Smallwood L, Anderson J, Estevez AG.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama at Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA. J Neurochem. 2009 Apr;109(1):74-84. During CNS injury and diseases, nitric oxide (NO) is released at a high flux rate leading to formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO(*)) and other reactive nitrogenous species, […]

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